Comparison Matrix - 996 Words

Comparison Matrix Paper Comparison Matrix Paper Tia Robinson Grand Canyon University RES 811 April 25, 2012 Comparison Matrix Paper In the comparison matrix chart three different empirical research articles were used and compared. The first article, by Wright and Pandey. Transformational Leadership in the Public Sector: Does Structure Matter?, Emery and Barker, The Effect of Transactional and Transformational Leadership Styles on Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction of Customer Contact Personnel, and last The Mother Co-parent Relationship and Youth Adjustment: A Study on African American Single Mother Families by Shook, Jones, Forehand, Dorsey and Brody. Wright and Pandey article one, was based on transformational†¦show more content†¦The author provided the reader with data driven evidence that was collected to measure the outcome (Emery and Barker, 2007). The results of the third article reported that parenting behaviors influence African American Single mother family’s children outcomes in education and society, while focusing on the negative and positive aspects that can be expected in the single parent circumstances (Shook, Jones, Forehand, Dorsey, and Brody, 2011). In conclusion, the three empirical articles compared provided much research, data, and informative topics that furthers discussion of the research that is available. Each article obtained limitations. Article one limitations was based on the average age of the respondents being 50 years and mostly Caucasian. Many of the jurisdictions had only three respondents and may not be good representation of the opinions of the direct reports given. Transformational leadership might not be the result of less hierarchal organizations. (Grand Canyon University Doctoral Studies Comparison Matrix Chart). Limitations in the contrast of the important test of transformational and transactional leadership on organizational performance were performed in organizations tat had either exclusively male and female managers while limiting the study based on only banking and food organizations. The third article limits its research by the availability of instrumentsShow MoreRelated A Comparison of The Mat rix and Platos The Allegory of the Cave1838 Words   |  8 PagesA Comparison of The Matrix and Platos The Allegory of the Cave In the movie The Matrix we find a character by the name of Neo and his struggle adapting to the truth...to reality. This story is closely similar to an ancient Greek text written by Plato called The Allegory of the Cave. Now both stories are different but the ideas are basically the same. Both Stories have key points that can be analyzed and related to one another almost exactly. There is no doubt that The Matrix was based offRead MoreA Comparison of the Representation of the Future of The Matrix and Planet of the Apes3441 Words   |  14 PagesA Comparison of the Representation of the Future of The Matrix and Planet of the Apes Sci-fi films were born in the aftermath of the industrial and scientific revolutions of the 19th century. The first motion picture from this genre was ‘Le Voyage Dans La Lune’, a Georges Meties production from 1902. This is regarded as the firstRead MoreComparison of the Matrix and the Allegory of the Cave Essay1240 Words   |  5 PagesComposition I 3 October 2012 The Matrix and the Allegory of the Cave What if one were living through life completely bound and facing a reality that doesnt even exist? The prisoners in Platos Allegory of the Cave are blind from true reality as well as the people in the movie The Matrix. They are given false images and they accept what their senses are telling them. They believe what they are experiencing is not all that really exists. Plato, the ancient Greek philosopher wrote The AllegoryRead More Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 Comparison to the Matrix Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesBradburys novel Fahrenheit 451 speculates on a future society in which there is no real knowledge, just a faà §ade of lies because there are no testaments of truth, books. This book shares a plot much like that of the Warner Brothers blockbuster, Matrix, in which the human race is kept in the shadow of the truth by being put into a virtual reality. In both stories a destroyed civilization is being suppressed by an evil leader. Also, in both of these works have an average man rise from the ashes ofRead MoreEssay about The Matrix and Fahrenheit 451 Comparison632 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿1. The characters of Neo and Montag break away from the common society, come to terms with themselves, and strive to create an ideal world. 2. Breaking from normal society through one’s own will a. Neo is rescued from the Matrix by Morpheus i. It was Neo’s own decision to take the red pill. ii. Demonstrates desire to know the truth about world. b. Montag admits he is unhappy in life and turns to books for knowledge. i. It was Montag’s own curiosity and internal dissatisfaction with his currentRead More Comparison of The Matrix and Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?1959 Words   |  8 PagesComparison of The Matrix and Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? Andy and Larry Wachowskis movie, The Matrix parallels many of the characters and themes that are explored in Philip K. Dicks novel, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?. There are five main characters or groups of people that are explored in Dicks novel. First, Morpheus, the leader of the unplugged individuals, emulates the role that the Rosen Association plays. Next, Cypher, an underhanded man, who is comparable to RachelRead MoreComparison Matrix1543 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: Comparison Matrix Paper Comparison Matrix Paper Comparison Matrix Introduction Comparison shows the characteristic of three studies conducted by different researchers. In the public sector, transformational leadership is the first study. This type of leadership has no effect on the conduct of managers. Transformational leadership is to stimulate the needs of the subordinates in harmony with the goals of the leader. Morale, motivation, and performance of the individualsRead MoreComparison Matrix Paper 1010 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Comparison Matrix Paper Nadia Bhatti Grand Canyon University PSY 801 Dr. Nelson September 17, 2014 Comparison Matrix Paper Introduction This paper compares three studies on workplace bullying. The studies were conducted because workplace bullying is an epidemic that needs to be addressed and it needs to be understood to help future organizations prevent workplace bullying.   Article one† Individual and situational predictors of the workplace bullying: why do perpetrators engageRead MoreComparison Matrix Essay1332 Words   |  6 PagesModule # 4: Comparison Matrix Equetta Jones Grand Canyon University: RES-811 June 12, 2013 Module # 4: Comparison Matrix Within the comparison matrix, the author will provide information from three empirical articles. The articles were titled, Transformational Leadership in the Public Sector: Does Structure Matter? (Pandey and Wright, 2009), The Effect of Transactional and Transformational Leadership Styles on the Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction of Customer Contact PersonnelRead MoreUnix Comparison Matrix830 Words   |  4 PagesComponents BSD System V GNU Role of shell Main access to the UNIX operating system and as such any improvement to it can result in considerably more effective use of the system, increased speed, efficiency and file properties. â€Å"C† Shell This shell is good for interactive work and also added some features from other Operating shells. The Korn shell became part of System V but had one major problem; unlike the rest of the UNIX shells it wasnt free, you had to pay ATT for it. Bourne Shell

The Things They Carried By Tim O Brien - 1077 Words

In â€Å"The Things They Carried† by Tim O’Brien, the man is drafted into the Vietnam War where he faces many obstacles mentally and physically. The characters are heavily impacted by the war’s power and try to find ways within themselves to escape its brutality. The author uses language and character’s reactions to their inner conflicts to illustrate the mental stresses that arise in war. Lieutenant Cross deals with many conflicts throughout the short story. The author tells us â€Å"precise details of what the men carry (down to brand names and weights of objects listed in ounces) versus the more personal† (Farrel). This describe that the external conflicts are focus more on, versus the soldier’s personal issues and that itself is a problem because no struggle should be minimized. One major conflict he deals with is his inability to take his mind off of a girl he carries pictures of named Martha. Each soldier carries something in their ruck sack to help them cope with their realities of war. â€Å"To carry something was to â€Å"hump† it, as when Lieutenant Jimmy Cross humped his love for Martha up the hills and through the swamps. In its intransitive form, â€Å"to hump† meant â€Å"to walk,† or â€Å"to march,† but it implied burdens far beyond the intransitive† (952). This indirectly gives the reader an illustration of how the soldiers carry some type of stress they are dealing with; it could be the stress of being away from someone you love or the guilt of being apart from him or her. Cross feltShow MoreRelatedThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien892 Words   |  4 PagesThe Vietnam War was a long, exhausting, and traumatic experience for all of the soldiers and those who came with them. The Things They Carried, by Tim O Brien illustrates the different affects the war had on a variety of people: Jacqueline Navarra Rhoads, a former nurse during the Vietnam war, demonstrates thes e effects within her own memoir in the book, The Forgotten Veterans. Both sources exemplify many tribulations, while sharing a common thread of suffering from mental unpredictability. DesensitizationRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1377 Words   |  6 Pageslove to have it as good as we do. Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried discusses many veterans who experience the burden of shame and guilt daily due to their heroic actions taken during the Vietnam War. The book shows you how such a war can change a man before, during, and after it’s over.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As I reflect on the many conflicts America has been a part of, none can compare to the tragedies that occurred in The Vietnam war. As told in The Things They Carried (O’Brien), characters such as NormanRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1457 Words   |  6 Pagesthe theme pertains to everyone regardless of their background. It conveys the same ideas to people from all across our society. Lastly, a classic is timeless, which means it has transcended the time in which it was written. In Tim O’Brien’s novel, The Things They Carried, he offers a new, intriguing way to view war or just life in general and also meets all of the crucial requirements mentioned above to qualify it as a book of literary canon. Though this book is technically a war novel, many peopleRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1242 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Tim O’Brien is obsessed with telling a true war story. O Brien s fiction about the Vietnam experience suggest, lies not in realistic depictions or definitive accounts. As O’Brien argues, absolute occurrence is irrelevant because a true war story does not depend upon that kind of truth. Mary Ann’s induction into genuine experience is clearly destructive as well as empowering† (p.12) Tim O’s text, The Things they Carried, details his uses of word choice to portray his tone and bias. Tim O’BrienRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1004 Words   |  5 Pages Tim O’Brien is a veteran from of the Vietnam War, and after coming home from his duty he decided to be a writer. His work â€Å"The Things They Carried† is about a group of soldiers that are fighting in the Vietnam War. The first pa rt of the story talks mostly about physical items that each soldier carries, and also mentions the weight of the items as well. Though, there is one exception to the list of physical things. Lieutenant Cross is a character of the story, and Tim O’ Brien quickly states theRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1169 Words   |  5 Pagesbut are set in the past and borrows things from that time period. A story that fits this genre of literature is The Things They Carried. The story is about Tim O Brien, a Vietnam veteran from the Unite States, who tells stories about what had happened when he and his team were stationed in Vietnam. He also talks about what he felt about the war when he was drafted and what he tried to do to avoid going to fight in Vietnam. The Things They Carried by Tim O Brien was precise with its portrayal of settingRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien896 Words   |  4 PagesTrouble without a doubt is what First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross c arried around his shoulders because he was out in war, where mistakes happen. Lost and unknown of his surroundings he had to lead his men into safety, while destroying anything they found. First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross only holds onto one thing for hope and that is Martha, the woman who he hopes is a virgin to come back to. Tim O’ Brien introduces symbolism by adding a character that has a meaning of purity and a pebble, which symbolizesRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien Essay832 Words   |  4 PagesSummary: â€Å"By and large they carried these things inside, maintaining the masks of composure† (21). In Tim O’brien’s The Things They Carried, the American soldiers of the Vietnam War carry much more than the weight of their equipment, much more than souvenirs or good-luck charms or letters from home. They carried within themselves the intransitive burdens—of fear, of cowardice, of love, of loneliness, of anger, of confusion. Most of all, they carry the truth of what happened to them in the war—aRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1369 Words   |  6 PagesMany authors use storytelling as a vehicle to convey the immortality of past selves and those who have passed to not only in their piece of literature but in their life as an author. In Tim O’Brien’s work of fiction The Things They Carried, through his final chapter â€Å"The Lives of the Dead,† O Brien conveys that writing is a matter of survival since, the powers of s torytelling can ensure the immortality of all those who were significant in his life. Through their immortality, O’Brien has the abilityRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1407 Words   |  6 Pages       Our introduction stated that in â€Å"The Things They Carried,† author Tim O’Brien tells us not directly of the soldiers of Vietnam, or the situations they find themselves in, but about the things they carry on their shoulders and in their pockets. These â€Å"things† identify the characters and bring them to life.   I find that to be true as the author unfolds the stories about war and the uncommon things one carries in to war both inadvertently and on purpose.  Ã‚  Ã‚  As it was noted: Stories about war –

Oliver Twist Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Oliver Twist Persuasive Essay The boys of the workhouse were not fed a healthy amount of nutritious food; instead they were forced to eat leftovers which went by the name Gruel. One boy was afraid that he would eat the boy who slept next to him as he was not friendly with the idea of small amounts of rubbish every day. Dickens uses Hyperbole to create sympathy for the boys, they are young boys who need nutrition to grow up, but yet they are being served gruel! Nobody was allowed to ask for more food in the workhouse. Asking for more was considered a crime, one that was worse than being poor. Again, Dickens uses pathos, but this time he uses it to describe how Oliver was treated after making a brave request for more food. That boy will be hung! was mentioned soon after his request was confirmed. It makes us feel sympathy towards Oliver because we know that he will be punished for naturally wanting more food! Irony is used to partly show sympathy for Oliver and outline the type of person who has been looking after him in the workhouse. You feel as a mother, Mrs. Mann. The womans name is Mrs Mann, and yet she behaves just as she would towards children if she was male. Her attitudes and behaviour towards Oliver and the rest of the children of the workhouse do not reflect, nor are they similar to, those of a real mother. This shows sympathy because it tells us that he will not be treated as if he had a loving mother, but instead he will be taken care of by someone who couldnt care less about his condition. Additional sympathy is displayed for young Oliver at a point after his birth; his mother was about to die, while he was fighting for his life, and yet the surgeon still has time to stare at fire. The surgeon had been sitting with his face turned towards the fire: giving the palms of his hands a warm rub alternately The surgeon is sitting with his face turned away from Oliver, not worrying what could happen while his head is turned or how Olivers mother is coping. He has more important things to do, like rub his palms together in a critical moment. Sympathy is shown towards Oliver in this section of the novel because he and his mother were both neglected in their time of need. Dickens mainly creates sympathy for Oliver twist by using hyperbole and pathos, along with describing how he was treated in the workhouse. Dickens wanted to change the view on poor people and I think he may have been successful because a lot of people now understand how it feels to be poor although being poor was not his fault.

Peroxidase Lab Report free essay sample

Determining the Catalytic Properties of the Enzyme Peroxidase Extracted from a Turnip Under the Conditions of Temperature, pH, Boiling and Competitive Inhibitors By Robin Caserta BIO 101 September 30, 2013 ABSTRACT The enzyme, peroxidase, extracted from a turnip was tested for its efficiency in binding to its substrate and its stability under several conditions. To do this, we tested effects on peroxidase activity, first, with different amounts of the enzyme, next at temperatures of 4oC, Room Temperature, 32oC, 48oC and boiling; then, at pH 3, pH 5, pH 7 and pH 9; and, finally, with the competitive inhibitor, hydroxylamine. We were able to measure enzymatic activity by the change in absorbance per second with a spectrophotometer. By testing different concentrations of peroxidase and its reaction rate in seconds, we were able to see that as the amount of enzyme increased the catalytic reaction also increased. The optimal amount of peroxidase concentration to be used in the subsequent experiments was determined to be 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Peroxidase Lab Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 0 mL. Any amount above this would have caused the rate of absorbance to be too fast, making it too difficult to get accurate readings. Any amount below this would not have produced a reaction â€Å"at an appreciable rate. In addition, our results show that a rise temperature and pH only increase the rate of reaction to a certain point before the reaction rate begins to decline dramatically. In the case of boiling of the enzyme there was no rate of reaction found whatsoever. A similar result was found when hydroxylamine was added to the peroxidase and it caused an inhibition reaction. Overall, the results show that the peroxidase enzyme is sensitive with reference to the above factors in whether or not a reaction is catalyzed. INTRODUCTION Enzymes are essential in the breakdown of certain materials or molecules that cannot be used by or are harmful to an organism as they are, into products that can be used or are not harmful for the organism. They are proteins and their structure consists of amino acids with a specific shape. Enzymes have an area called an active site where substrates (only a particular molecule or material to be converted) bind. When the substrate is bound to the active site on the whole entity becomes an enzyme-substrate complex. The substrate’s covalent bond is disrupted and this chemical change constructs a new product from the original substrate while leaving the enzyme unaffected. Once this new product is released, the enzyme can bind again with more of these molecules needing conversion. Sometimes the enzyme works with coenzymes or cofactors such as vitamins or metallic ions to help the binding process. In other cases competitive inhibitors are at work and prevent a substrate from being bound to the active site on the enzyme. The competitive inhibitor is similar enough to bind with the enzyme, but because it is not a perfect match, the enzyme then loses its ability to catalyze a reaction for that moment. In accordance with these properties, we will see how certain factors affect the reaction rate of peroxidase. For our purposes in this lab we used the enzyme peroxidase extracted from a turnip. Peroxidase, along with the help of its iron ion cofactor, catalyzes harmful hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into a harmless compound and water. In order to follow the rate of reaction for the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide, we used guaiacol, a colorless dye, which donates electrons and turns brown when it is oxidized. We used this dye so that we could measure the absorbance with the spectrophotometer as the hydrogen peroxide is being broken down and the color change gets stronger over specific time intervals. We developed several null hypotheses for these experiments: 1) The amount of enzyme added to the reaction will not affect the rate of reaction.  emperature will not affect the enzymatic activity. 3) pH will not affect enzymatic activity. 4) Similar molecule to substrate will not affect enzymatic activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials and methods are taken from Lab Topic 7 in the Biological Investigations, 9th Edition. RESULTS Graph 1- Effects of Peroxidase Amounts Graph 2 Temperature Effects on Peroxidase Activity Graph 3 pH Effects on Peroxidase Activity Graph 4 – Boiled Peroxidase Results Graph 5  œ Hydroxylamine Results. Optimum Temperature for Reaction Rate of Peroxidase Graph 7 – Optimum pH for Reaction Rate of Peroxidase In Graph 1, Effects of Peroxidase Amounts, it shows the difference in rates of reactions with different concentrations of peroxidase in the solution Tubes 2 3 at 0. 5 ml, Tubes 4 5 at 1. 0 ml and Tubes 6 7 at 2. 0 ml, along with corresponding line slopes. Graph 2, Temperature Effects on Peroxidase Activity, shows the difference in rates of reaction for 1. 0 ml peroxidase at 4 °C, Room Temperature ~ 23 °C, 32 °C and 48 °C along with their corresponding line slopes. This result allowed us to reject our hypothesis that the amount of enzyme added to the reaction will not affect the rate of reaction. This test was important so that we could ascertain the best amount of concentration to use in the subsequent experiments with the spectrophotometer set at absorbance 470 nm and timed recordings at 20-second intervals for a total of 2 minutes. At 0. 5 ml of peroxidase the reaction time was too slow thus no appreciable line or slope was rendered to measure the reaction with any accuracy. Conversely, it was a challenge to get accurate absorbance readings at 2. 0 ml of peroxidase because the pace of the reaction appreciated so quickly and then met equilibrium. At 1. 0 ml of peroxidase the reaction time rendered an appreciable line and slope making it easier to record the absorbance every 20 seconds for 2 minutes and ultimately, the best concentration for use in the next experiments. It is known that when heat is applied to molecules, they move faster and collide more as the temperature rises. This is also true for the enzyme peroxidase and its substrate until the temperature reaches 32 °C and then the reaction begins to taper off and it dives down drastically at 48 °C when the hydrogen bonds holding peroxidase structure together begin to break. The results of this test confirm the same by the slope of each line and thereby we are able to reject our hypothesis that temperature has no effect on peroxidase rate of reaction. At 4 °C the slope of the line is 0. 0071, at Room Temperature ~ 23 °C the slope is 0. 0094, at 32 °C the slope is 0. As for pH effects on peroxidase activity, Graph 3, indicates that the amount of acidity or basicness to a solution changes the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme and thereby changes the ability to bind with the substrate in an effective manner. Here we tested the null hypothesis: pH will not affect enzymatic activity. The results from Graph 3: pH Effects on Peroxidase Activity indicate that the more acidic pH 3 level disrupted the enzyme’s ability to bind with its substrate and its reaction rate did not appreciate noticeably. As the solution became less acid at pH 5, the greatest reaction efficiency resulted. Once the pH was at 7 and beyond the reaction rate for peroxidase and its binding ability became poor and the reaction rate declined. Again, it was necessary to do a derivative graph to see the slope results clearly. In Graph 7: Optimum pH for Reaction Rate of Peroxidase, the rate of reaction increased drastically from pH 3 with a slope of 0. 00007 to pH 5 with a slope of 0. 0055 and then trails off as the basicness increases at pH 7 with a slope.

Forms of Business Organization

Forms of Business Organization Free Online Research Papers For American business owners there are a variety of legal structures available to organize their businesses. These various legal structures make provisions for liability, income taxes, continuity of the business, control of the business, profit retention, and regulatory requirements. Each of these organizational structures is different and offers advantages and disadvantages. It is the responsibility of the business owner to choose an organizational structure that will maximize advantages and minimize disadvantages for their business. Some of the various legal structures and their specific characteristics include: SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP – A sole proprietorship is the most common business organization used today. It is an unincorporated business owned by a single person and is used most often by small businesses that do not have large capital needs. 1. Liability: The owner is personally liable for all of the business’s debts. This is a serious disadvantage of a sole proprietorship. 2. Income taxes: A sole proprietorship is not a taxable entity. Unlike a C corporation, profits from a sole proprietorship are not taxed twice. All profits and losses pass through to the owner and are taxed at the owner’s personal tax rate. 3. Continuity: A sole proprietorship will continue as long as there is one owner. If the owner brings someone on board to help manage or add capital to the business, then it will cease being a sole proprietorship and it will become a partnership. 4. Control: The business owner has total control of a sole proprietorship. However, a serious disadvantage of a sole proprietorship is the owner’s inability to raise capital since there is no stock to sell. Managing his debt and cash flow is the only way to increase capital. 5. Profit Retention: A sole proprietorship is not a taxable entity; consequently profits from a sole proprietorship are not taxed twice. All profits and losses pass through to the owner and are taxed once at the owner’s individual tax rate. Avoiding the double taxation of a corporation enables the sole proprietor to pay less in taxes and keep more of the profits earned. 6. Regulatory Requirements: A sole proprietorship is very easy to form. It does not have the reporting requirements of a corporation (board of director meetings, minutes, etc.). Its filing requirements are generally quarterly tax payment estimations to the IRS for the owner’s personal taxes, and if applicable, monthly state sales tax reports. GENERAL PARTNERSHIP – A general partnership is similar to a sole proprietorship in that it’s an unincorporated business with two or more co-owners. 1. Liability: Like a sole proprietorship, each partner in a general partnership is personally liable for any business debts, whether they are the fault of his actions, his partner(s), or his employees. This is a serious disadvantage of a general partnership. 2. Income taxes: A general partnership is not a taxable entity. Unlike a C corporation, the profit of a general partnership is not taxed twice. All profits and losses are passed through to the partners and taxed once at their personal tax rates. 3. Continuity: A general partnership has the right to choose its duration. It depends upon the partnership agreement. When a partner leaves a general partnership its called disassociation, and the remaining partners buy out the value of the departing partner, or they dissolve the partnership entirely. If it’s a large partnership the business generally continues to operate. 4. Control: A disadvantage of a general partnership is the management of the partnership, since all partners technically have a right to share in the management. This is especially true if there are many partners in the business, such as in a large law firm. As a rule many large general partnerships establish a management team to oversee their day to day operations. However, this does not negate the right of individual partners to address the management team if they deem it necessary. 5. Profit Retention: Unlike a C corporation, profits from a general partnership are not taxed twice. Since a general partnership is not a taxable entity, all profits and losses are passed through to the partners and are taxed at each partner’s individual tax rate. Avoiding the double taxation of a C corporation enables the partners in the general partnership to pay less in taxes and keep more of the profits earned. 6. Regulatory Requirements: A general partnership is easy to form and does not require the partners to file a formal partnership agreement with the government. LIMITED PARTNERSHIP – A limited partnership is similar to a general partnership except there are general partners and limited partners. 1. Liability: In a limited partnership the general partners are personally liable for the limited partnership’s debt. To protect themselves from this personal liability, many general partners are corporations so only the assets of the corporation are at risk, and not their personal assets. On the other hand, the limited partners are not personally liable for the partnership’s debt. Only their capital investment in the limited partnership is at risk. 2. Income taxes: A limited partnership is not a taxable entity. Unlike a C corporation, the profit of a limited partnership is not taxed twice. All profits and losses are passed through to the partners and are taxed once at their personal tax rates. 3. Continuity: The continuity of a limited partnership depends upon the partnership agreement. Generally a limited partnership has the right to choose its duration. When a partner leaves a limited partnership it’s called disassociation. When this happens the remaining partners either buy out the value of the departing partner, or they dissolve the partnership entirely. 4. Control: As a rule general partners run the limited partnership. The limited partners are primarily passive investors in the partnership. 5. Profit Retention: Unlike a C corporation, profits from a limited partnership are not taxed twice. Since a limited partnership is not a taxable entity, all profits and losses are passed through to the partners and are taxed once at each partner’s individual tax rate. By avoiding the double taxation of a C corporation, the limited partnership enables the partners to pay less in taxes and keep more of the profits earned. 6. Regulatory Requirements: It is difficult to form a limited partnership. Unlike a general partnership, a limited partnership must file a certificate of limited partnership with their Secretary of State and annual reports. C CORPORATION – A C corporation is a legal entity that offers limited liability to its shareholders for corporate debts or liability while protecting the shareholder’s personal assets. Corporations can be â€Å"closed† corporations owned by a small group or family, or â€Å"open† corporations whose stock is sold or traded on the stock market. 1. Liability: A corporation offers limited liability to the shareholders for the corporation’s debts and liability. The shareholder’s personal assets are not at risk. The only possible exception would be if a shareholder injured someone using corporate property. The corporation would be corporately liable and the shareholder would be personally liable. 2. Income taxes: A disadvantage of a C corporation is its income is taxed twice. A corporation pays taxes and files tax returns on its income, and the shareholder’s also pay personal taxes on the dividend income received from the corporation. 3. Continuity: Once a C corporation is formed it can exist indefinitely, with or without the original stockholders. 4. Control: A C corporation is managed by a Board of Directors who are usually shareholders with a large stake in the corporation. 5. Profit Retention: This is a disadvantage of a C corporation. Profit retention for a C corporation is less than that of a general partnership, since a C corporation’s income is taxed twice. A C corporation pays taxes on its income and the shareholder’s also pay personal taxes on the dividend income received from the corporation. 6. Regulatory Requirements: This is a disadvantage of a C corporation. It is difficult to form a C corporation because regulatory requirements are many. A C corporation is required to file incorporation documents with the state, additional filings throughout the year, and keep Board of Directors reports, minutes of meetings, etc. S CORPORATION – An S corporation is a legal entity that offers the limited liability of a corporation, but the pass through tax advantages of a partnership. 1. Liability: An S corporation offers its shareholders limited liability for the corporation’s debt. 2. Income taxes: An S Corporation is not a taxable entity (unlike a C corporation) and it does not pay taxes on its income. In this respect it functions much like a partnership. Income passes through the S corporation to the shareholders, who then pay taxes on the income at their individual tax rates. This is a clear advantage of an S corporation. 3. Continuity: Once an S corporation is formed it can exist indefinitely, with or without the original stockholders. However, it should be noted there are restrictions on the transfer of stock in accordance with the regulatory requirements listed below. 4. Control: An S corporation is managed by a Board of Directors who generally are shareholders with a large stake in the corporation. 5. Profit Retention: Since an S Corporation is not a taxable entity; all profits and losses are passed through to the shareholders and are taxed once at each shareholders individual tax rate. By avoiding the double taxation of a C corporation, the S corporation enables its shareholders to pay less in taxes and keep more of the profits earned. 6. Regulatory Requirements: An S Corporation is difficult to form and has many regulatory requirements. Some of these requirements include one class of stock; a limit of 75 shareholders, shareholders must be U.S. citizens and cannot be corporations or partnerships. The regulatory requirements for an S corporation are disadvantageous. LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY – An LLC is a legal entity similar to an S corporation in that it offers the limited liability of a corporation, but the tax advantages of a partnership. 1. Liability: An LLC offers its members limited liability of the company’s debt and protects the member’s personal assets. In an LLC only the capital investment of the members is at risk. 2. Income taxes: An LLC is not a taxable entity and it does not pay taxes on its income. In this respect it functions much like a partnership. Income passes through the LLC to its members, who then pay taxes once on the income at their individual tax rates. This is an advantage of an LLC. 3. Continuity: In a general sense once an LLC is formed it can exist indefinitely. However, this can vary depending on each state’s regulations regarding LLCs. If the operating agreement permits, an LLC member can transfer their interest in the LLC to anyone else without restriction. However, if the operating agreement does not address the transfer of interest, then the members of the LLC must unanimously agree to the transfer muck like in a partnership. 4. Control: A limited liability company is managed by a Board of Directors who are usually members with a large financial interest in the LLC. 5. Profit Retention: Since an LLC is not a taxable entity, all profits and losses are passed through to its members and are taxed once at each member’s individual tax rate. By avoiding double taxation the LLC enables its members to pay less in taxes and keep more of the profits earned. This is an advantage of an LLC. 6. Regulatory Requirements: A limited liability company is difficult to form and has many regulatory requirements. A charter must be filed with the Secretary of State and an operating agreement must be established outlining the obligations and rights of the LLC members. Since a limited liability company is a fairly new legal entity, perhaps the greatest difficulty is the varying requirements and restrictions for LLCs from state to state. REFERENCES Beatty, J., Samuelson, S. (2007). Business Law and the Legal Environment. Mason, OH: Thomson West Research Papers on Forms of Business OrganizationMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalHip-Hop is ArtPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThree Concepts of PsychodynamicMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Project Managment Office SystemOpen Architechture a white paperAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaTwilight of the UAW

How to Volunteer at an Animal Shelter

How to Volunteer at an Animal Shelter SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Love animals? Thinking about a career as a veterinarian? Or maybe you're just hoping to play with animals? Volunteering at an animal shelter can be a great experience. How can you become an animal shelter volunteer? What will you do as a volunteer? Are there alternative experiences? This guide will answer all those questions and more, so read on! What to Expect as an Animal Shelter Volunteer While volunteering at an animal shelter can be a great experience, it's not going to be fun and games all the time.You willget to play with animals, but that will not be your only responsibility.You’ll likely also be cleaning up after them, sweeping, mopping, filling water and food bowls, tidying litter boxes, washing towels, etc. After all of these things are done, you'll have a chance toplay with the animals. It's going to be work first, and then fun. You’ll likely also have to deal with some customer servicework such asanswering phone calls and responding toadoptionquestions. Depending on the shelter where you work, you may be assigned a specific "job." These jobs include: Adoption Liaison:Assist potential adopters through the process of adoption (meeting animals, filling out paperwork, etc.). Kennel Assistant (sometimes dog or cat specific): Clean the kennel, feed the animals, and provide walks/exercise for the animals. Training Class Assistant:Helprunthe dog training classes offered by the shelter (if applicable). Surgery Support Volunteer:Stay with the animals as they wake up from surgery. Make sure pet owners have all the information they need for post-surgery care. Animal Transport Volunteer:Driveanimals between the shelter and clinic. NOTE:Some shelters require you be 18 years or older to do certain jobs such as animal transport. On top of the menial tasks you may have to do as an animal shelter volunteer, you’ll also likely deal with some sadness.Youmayget attached to animals who end up adopted, and if you work at a kill shelter, you might also get attached to animals that end up euthanized.It’s not always an easy job, so make sure you take all of this into consideration before committing to volunteering at an animal shelter. WhatArethe Requirements for Being an Animal Shelter Volunteer? Most shelters only allow volunteers aged 16 and older.Check your local shelter to find out their age requirement (I’ll get into how to locate a shelter below).If you’re under 16 and want to volunteer, see if they’ll make an exception.They may also let you volunteer if your legal guardian signs off on it or if your legal guardian volunteers with you. Most shelters make you commit to at least a few months of volunteering, if not a full year.These shelters spend time and money training their volunteers, so they want to make sure you’re committed. Atyour trainingororientation, you'll learn the rules of volunteering, sign paperwork (release forms), and get a tour of the facilities along with instructions on how to do your volunteer "job." On top of a commitment to a length of time, you usually also have to commit to at least one shift every other week. Shifts range from 2-4 hours depending on the shelter. Some shelters have physical requirements too (since you might be dealing with large animals and lifting things).They mayrequire you to be physically fit enough to stand and or walk for up to 3 hours and be able to lift and carry 20 lbs or more.They also may require you to be able to tolerate loud sounds and bad odors. Again, contact your local shelter or humane society to ask about their specific volunteer requirements.Learn how to find their contact informationin the next section How to Find a Volunteering OpportunityNear You Finding an animal shelternear you should be as simple as conducting a Google Search for â€Å"[Your Town Name] Animal Shelter† or â€Å"[Your Town Name] Animal Rescue† or â€Å"[Your Town Name] Humane Society.†That should lead you to thewebsite for an animal shelter or, at least, the contact information for an animal shelter near you. If you’re able to locate a specific animal shelter website, look for a volunteer page.On the volunteer page, shelters usually list a contact person for potential volunteers. Reach out to that person to get started as a volunteer.Other shelters have online applications for potential volunteers. Fill one out to get started. If you’re unable to find a website, use whatever contact information you can find through Google to get in touch with someone (whether through phone or email) who works at the shelter andask about volunteering. Don’t be surprised if it takes you a while to get a response about volunteering or if a shelter tells you they don’t need volunteers right now. Volunteering at animal shelters can be very popular, and someshelters already have a lot of volunteers and don’t need more help.You maybe able to be put on a volunteer waitlist. However, if that's not an option,try to approach the next closest shelter in your area. The Good and Bad of Volunteering at an Animal Shelter How is volunteering at an animal shelter different than other volunteer work?You get to work with animals and meet like-minded animal lovers! It's a great way to make friends and spend time with cuddly critters. You also get to help lonely animals. You get to play with them, make sure they live in a clean environment, and help them find loving homes. You'll help guide people on their path to finding their dream pet. It's challenging work, but it can also be a rewarding process. Are you interested in potentially becoming a veterinarian or doing other work with animals? Volunteeringat a humane society will allow you to test out whetheryou’d like to pursue a career working with animals.Working as a shelter volunteer, you'll learn so much about what it takes to take care of animals. You'll learn how hard it is, how rewarding it is, and how sad it can be. By the end of your volunteer experience, you should have a good understanding of whether it's the work you want to do. Volunteering at an animal shelter can also be a great experience for your college application. Here at PrepScholar, we often recommend you try to be an expert in one field rather than well-rounded. Colleges want students who're experts in something.If your passion is animals, or something similar, working at an animal shelterwill look great on your application. Make sure you complement your animal shelter volunteer work with other animal-related experiences(i.e. hosting a fundraiser to build a dog park or gathering signatures to add an animal to the endangered species list). Additionally, many extracurricular experiences cost money (such asvolunteer abroad programs). Volunteering is a free extracurricular experience that won't cost you anything other than your time. I highly recommend engaging in volunteer work even if you ultimately decide an animal shelter is not the right place for you. Keep in mind that, as I said before, volunteer work is not all fun. You'll have to do menial work such as cleaning up after the animals beforeyou can play with them. Additionally, if you work at a kill shelter, you might getattached to animals who get adopted or euthanized.If you’re interested in working with animals (but don’t want to or can't work at an animal shelter), you could try some similar alternatives. Check out the next section for ideas. Alternatives to Volunteering at an Animal Shelter If you don’t have the time to commit to working at a shelter, consider job shadowing a veterinarian for a day or two.Job shadowing is a great, quick way to learn more about veterinary work. Another alternative isfostering an animal if youhave space at your house (and yourparents allow it).However, fostering is a big commitment, so make sure that you and your family have the time to dedicate to caring for the animal you foster. If you need to make money and don’t have the time to volunteer for free, consider trying to get a job as a dog walker or pet sitter.If you live in a major metropolitan area (NY, LA, Seattle, etc.), there is a dog walking app called Wag, where you can set your own hours to walk dogs. Consider checking it out! If you’re interested in medicine in general (and not just working with animals), consider doing a summer medical program, summer medical internship, volunteering at a hospital, or job shadowing a doctor.Read our other article on Medical Experiences for High School Students for more details (Coming soon!). What’s Next? If you’re a high school student looking for an extracurricular activity, learn about Model UN and how to join your high school newspaper. Looking for something to do this summer? You should check out the Emory Pre-College Program and the Boston University Summer Challenge. 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Mandatory mediation in the United States of America Essay

Mandatory mediation in the United States of America - Essay Example (Mediation. Indopedia. [internet]). There are instances when mediation is resorted to because a controversy has arisen and the adversaries choose to have the matter passed upon by a neutral referee, called the mediator, rather than to go through the rigors and the high cost of court proceedings which are usually protracted. In some other situations, there is a clause in the covering contract in which the parties provide for a mediation mechanism. This part of the main agreement has a jurisdictional repercussion because the supposed hearing court will not normally entertain a stipulated dispute if the mediation remedy is not first exhausted. It is given that alternative dispute resolutions which include mediation have become the better option to settle controversies without resorting to court processes. (Alternative Dispute Resolution. Superior Court of California. County of Fresno. [internet]). It is claimed that the idea of mediation in the United States of America started as early as during the time of the native American tribes. (Eric van Ginkel. Mediation under National Law: United States of America. IBA Legal Practice Division. MEDIATION COMMITTEE NEWSLETTER. August 2005. [internet]). Before proceeding, it is deemed important that mediation be distinguished from arbitration because there is that usual mistake of interchanging the two under the wrong perception that both are the same or similar. Arbitration is a more expeditious, less complex and inexpensive replacement of a court suit. The controversy is endorsed to an impartial outside party called the arbitrator who has expertise over the subject of the conflict. After a prudent assessment and evaluation of the pertinent facts, the arbitrator decides in favor of the party he deems has a... Courts all over the world are clogged with cases. This drawback means humongous costs to the government concerned and an insignia of justice being denied as having been rendered too late. Owing to this, substitute ways to resolve disputes have long been thought of to patch up controversies peacefully and inexpensively, that is, without the intercession of the judicial agencies of the state.One such extra-judicial methodology is mediation which is a form of an alternative dispute resolution.Mediation is a tool used to resolve conflicts between or among natural persons, business entities and even nations. It is actually one of the conventional types of alternative dispute resolution, the other one being arbitration.There is no general federal law that governs definite rules and regulations over the whole caboodle of the mediation remedy. Even the Uniform Mediation Act cannot yet be fully applied to and adopted by all the states of the United States because the individual territories or jurisdictions have their own mediation structures and methodologies. Also, every state has its own unique culture, industry, climate, products and other variables for which each mediation procedure or set of procedures may rather be customized for appropriate applicability. Furthermore, the respective states already have mandatory mediation legislations in place numbering two thousand five hundred all over the country.